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(Redirected from List of computer viruses)

The compilation of a unified list of computer viruses is made difficult because of naming. To aid the fight against computer viruses and other types of malicious software, many security advisory organizations and developers of anti-virus software compile and publish lists of viruses. When a new virus appears, the rush begins to identify and understand it as well as develop appropriate counter-measures to stop its propagation. Along the way, a name is attached to the virus. As the developers of anti-virus software compete partly based on how quickly they react to the new threat, they usually study and name the viruses independently. By the time the virus is identified, many names denote the same virus.

Another source of ambiguity in names is that sometimes a virus initially identified as a completely new virus is found to be a variation of an earlier known virus, in which cases, it is often renamed. For example, the second variation of the Sobig worm was initially called 'Palyh' but later renamed 'Sobig.b'. Again, depending on how quickly this happens, the old name may persist.

Scope[edit]

In terms of scope, there are two major variants: the list of 'in-the-wild' viruses, which list viruses in active circulation, and lists of all known viruses, which also contain viruses believed not to be in active circulation (also called 'zoo viruses'). The sizes are vastly different: in-the-wild lists contain a hundred viruses but full lists contain tens of thousands.

Comparison of viruses and related programs[edit]

Virus	Alias(es)	Types	Subtype	Isolation Date	Isolation	Origin	Author
1260	V2Px	DOS	Polymorphic^[1]	1990	First virus to use polymorphic encryption
4K	4096	DOS	1990-01	The first virus to use stealth
5lo	DOS	1992-10	Infects .EXE files only
Abraxas	Abraxas5	DOS, Windows 95, 98	^[1]	1993-04	Europe	ARCV group	Infects COM file. Disk directory listing will be set to the system date and time when infection occurred.
Acid	Acid.670, Acid.670a, Avatar.Acid.670, Keeper.Acid.670	DOS, Windows 95, 98	1992	Corp-$MZU	Infects COM file. Disk directory listing will not be altered.
Acme	DOS, Windows 95 DOS	1992	Upon executing infected EXE, this infects another EXE in current directory by making a hidden COM file with same base name.
ABC	ABC-2378, ABC.2378, ABC.2905	DOS	1992-10	ABC causes keystrokes on the compromised machine to be repeated.
Actifed	DOS
Ada	DOS	1991-10	Argentina	The Ada virus mainly targets .COM files, specifically COMMAND.COM.
AGI-Plan	Month 4-6	DOS	Mülheim	AGI-Plan is notable for reappearing in South Africa in what appeared to be an intentional re-release.
AI	DOS
AIDS	AIDSB, Hahaha, Taunt	DOS	1990	Dr. Joseph Popp	AIDS is the first virus known to exploit the DOS 'corresponding file' vulnerability.
AIDS II	DOS	circa 1990
Alabama	Alabama.B	DOS	1989-10	Hebrew University, Jerusalem	Files infected by Alabama increase in size by 1,560 bytes.
Alcon^[1]	RSY, Kendesm, Ken&Desmond, Ether	DOS	1997-12	Overwrites random information on disk causing damage over time.
Ambulance	DOS	June,1990
Anna Kournikova	E-Mail VBScript	2001-02-11	Sneek, Netherlands	Jan de Wit	A Dutch court stated that US$166,000 in damages was caused by the worm.
ANTI	ANTI-A, ANTI-ANGE, ANTI-B, Anti-Variant	Classic Mac OS	1989-02	France	The first Mac OS virus not to create additional resources; instead, it patches existing CODE resources.
AntiCMOS	DOS	January 1994 – 1995	Due to a bug in the virus code, the virus fails to erase CMOS information as intended.
ARCV-n	DOS	1992-10/1992-11	England, United Kingdom	ARCV Group	ARCV-n is a term for a large family of viruses written by the ARCV group.
Alureon	TDL-4, TDL-1, TDL-2, TDL-3, TDL-TDSS	Windows	Botnet	2007	Estonia	JD virus
Autostart	Autostart.A—D	Classic Mac OS	1998	Hong Kong	China
Bomber	CommanderBomber	DOS	Bulgaria	Polymorphic virus which infects systems by inserting fragments of its code randomly into executable files.
Brain	Pakistani flu	DOS	Boot sector virus	1986-01	Lahore, Pakistan	Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi	Considered to be the first computer virus for the PC
Byte Bandit	Amiga	Boot sector virus	1988-01	Swiss Cracking Association	It was one of the most feared Amiga viruses until the infamous Lamer Exterminator.
CDEF	Classic Mac OS	1990.08	Ithaca, New York	Cdef arrives on a system from an infected Desktop file on removable media. It does not infect any Macintosh systems beyond OS6.
Christmas Tree	Worm	1987-12	Germany
CIH	Chernobyl, Spacefiller	Windows 95, 98, Me	1998-06	Taiwan	Taiwan	Chen ing-Hau	Activates on April 26, in which it destroys partition tables, and tries to overwrite the BIOS.
Commwarrior	SymbianBluetooth worm	Famous for being the first worm to spread via MMS and Bluetooth.
Creeper	TENEX operating system	Worm	1971	Bob Thomas	An experimental self-replicating program which gained access via the ARPANET and copied itself to the remote system.
Eliza	DOS	1991-12
Elk Cloner	Apple II	1982	Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania	Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania	Rich Skrenta	The first virus observed 'in the wild'
Esperanto	DOS, MS Windows, Classic Mac OS	1997.11	Spain	Spain	Mister Sandman	First multi-processor virus. The virus is capable of infecting files on computers running Microsoft Windows and DOS on the x86 processor and MacOS, whether they are on a Motorola or PowerPC processor.
Form	DOS	1990	Switzerland	A very common boot virus, triggers on the 18th of any month.
Fun	Windows	2008	It registers itself as a Windows system process then periodically sends mail with spreading attachments as a response to any unopened emails in Outlook Express
Graybird	Backdoor.GrayBird, BackDoor-ARR	Windows	Trojan Horse	2003-02-04
Hare	DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98	1996-08	Famous for press coverage which blew its destructiveness out of proportion
ILOVEYOU	Microsoft	Worm	2000-05-05	Manila, Philippines	Michael Buen, Onel de Guzman	Computer worm that attacked tens of millions of Windows personal computers
INIT 1984	Classic Mac OS	1992-03-13	Ireland	Malicious, triggered on Friday the 13th. Init1984 works on Classic Mac OS System 6 and 7.
Jerusalem	DOS	1987-10	Jerusalem was initially very common and spawned a large number of variants.
Kama Sutra	Blackworm, Nyxem, and Blackmal	2006-01-16	Designed to destroy common files such as Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint documents.
Koko	DOS	1991-03	The payload of this virus activates on July 29 and February 15 and may erase data on the users hard drive
Lamer Exterminator	Amiga	Boot sector virus	1989-10	Germany	Random encryption, fills random sector with 'LAMER'
MacMag	Drew, Bradow, Aldus, Peace	Classic Mac OS	1987-12	United States	Products (not necessarily the Classic Mac OS) were infected with the first actual virus.
MDEF	Garfield, Top Cat	Classic Mac OS	1990-05-15	Ithaca, New York	Infects menu definition resource fork files. Mdef infects all Classic Mac OS versions from 4.1 to 6.
Melissa	Mailissa, Simpsons, Kwyjibo, Kwejeebo	Microsoft Word macro virus	1999-03-26	New Jersey	David L. Smith	Part macro virus and part worm. Melissa, a MS Word-based macro that replicates itself through e-mail.
Mirai	Internet of Things	DDoS	2016
Michelangelo	DOS	1991-02-04	Australia	Ran March 6 (Michelangelo's birthday)
Mydoom	Novarg, Mimail, Shimgapi	Windows	Worm	2004-01-26	World	Russia	Mydoom was the world's fastest spreading computer worm to date, surpassing Sobig, and the ILOVEYOU computer worms, yet it was used to DDoS servers.
Navidad	Windows	Mass-mailer worm	2000-12	South America
Natas	Natas.4740, Natas.4744, Natas.4774, Natas.4988	DOS	Multipartite, stealth, polymorphic	1994.06	Mexico City	United States	Priest (AKA Little Loc)
nVIR	MODM, nCAM, nFLU, kOOL, Hpat, Jude, Mev#, nVIR.B	Classic Mac OS	1987-12	United States	nVIR has been known to 'hybridize' with different variants of nVIR on the same machine.
Oompa	Leap	Mac OSX	Worm	2006.02.10	First worm for Mac OSX. It propagates through iChat, an instant message client for Macintosh operating systems. Whether Oompa is a worm has been controversial. Some believe it is a trojan.
OneHalf	Slovak Bomber, Freelove or Explosion-II	DOS	1994	Slovakia	Vyvojar	It is also known as one of the first viruses to implement a technique of 'patchy infection'
Ontario.1024
Ontario.2048
Ontario	SBC	DOS	1990-07	Ontario	'Death Angel'
Petya	GoldenEye, NotPetya	Windows	Trojan horse	2016	Ukraine	Russia	Total damages brought about by NotPetya to more than $10 billion.
Pikachu virus	2000-06-28	Asia	The Pikachu virus is believed to be the first computer virus geared at children.
Ping-pong	Boot, Bouncing Ball, Bouncing Dot, Italian, Italian-A, VeraCruz	DOS	Boot sector virus	1988-03	Turin	Harmless to most computers
RavMonE.exe	RJump.A, Rajump, Jisx	Worm	2006-06-20	Once distributed in Apple iPods, but a Windows-only virus
SCA	Amiga	Boot sector virus	1987-11	Switzerland	Swiss Cracking Association	Puts a message on screen. Harmless except it might destroy a legitimate non-standard boot block.
Scores	Eric, Vult, NASA, San Jose Flu	Classic Mac OS	1988.04	United States	Fort Worth, Texas	Donald D. Burleson	Designed to attack two specific applications which were never released.
Scott's Valley	DOS	1990-09	Scotts Valley, California	Infected files will contain the seemingly meaningless hex string 5E8BDE909081C63200B912082E.
SevenDust	666, MDEF, 9806, Graphics Accelerator, SevenD, SevenDust.B—G	Classic Mac OS	Polymorphic	1989-06
Marker	Shankar's Virus, Marker.C, Marker.O, Marker.Q, Marker.X, Marker.AQ, Marker.BN, Marker.BO, Marker.DD, Marker.GR, W97M.Marker	MS Word	Polymorphic, Macro virus	1999-06-03	Sam Rogers	Infects Word Documents
Simile	Etap, MetaPHOR	Windows	Polymorphic	The Mental Driller	The metamorphic code accounts for around 90% of the virus' code
SMEG engine	DOS	Polymorphic	1994	United Kingdom	The Black Baron	Two viruses were created using the engine: Pathogen and Queeg.
Stoned	DOS	Boot sector virus	1987	Wellington	One of the earliest and most prevalent boot sector viruses
Jerusalem	Sunday, Jerusalem-113, Jeruspain, Suriv, Sat13, FuManchu	DOS	File virus	1987-10	Seattle	Virus coders created many variants of the virus, making Jerusalem one of the largest families of viruses ever created. It even includes many sub-variants and a few sub-sub-variants.
WannaCry	Wanna, Cryptor	Windows	Ransomware Cryptoworm	2017-12	World	North Korea
WDEF	WDEF A	Classic Mac OS	1989.12.15	Given the unique nature of the virus, its origin is uncertain.
Whale	DOS	Polymorphic	1990-07-01	Hamburg	R Homer	At 9216 bytes, was for its time the largest virus ever discovered.
ZMist	ZMistfall, Zombie.Mistfall	Windows	2001	Russia	Z0mbie	It was the first virus to use a technique known as 'code integration'.
Xafecopy	Android	Trojan	2017
Zuc	Zuc.A., Zuc.B, Zuc.C	Classic Mac OS	1990.03	Italy	Italy

Related lists[edit]

Unusual subtypes[edit]

Notable instances[edit]

Creeper virus - The first malware that ran on ARPANET
Leap - Mac OS X Trojan horse
Shamoon a wiper virus with stolen digital certificates destroyed over 35,000 computers owned by Saudi Aramco.
Storm Worm - A Windows trojan horse that forms the Storm botnet
Stuxnet First destructive ICS-targeting Trojan which destroyed part of Iran's nuclear program. The virus destroyed the centrifuge components making it impossible to enrich uranium to weapons grade.